7. When initially-unpolarized light passes through three polarizing filters, each oriented at 45 degree angles from the preceding filter, of the initial light passes through the last filter.

What makes thermal imaging cameras useful? they can detect differences in color. they can detect differences in wave speeds. they can detect differences in temperature. they can detect mechanical waves.

The atoms in a nickel crystal vibrate as harmonic oscillators with an angular frequency of 2.3 × 1013 rad/s. the mass of a nickel atom is 9.75 × 10-26 kg. what is the difference in energy between adjacent vibrational energy levels of nickel? (h = 6.626 × 10-34 j • s, , 1 ev = 1.60 × 10-19 j)

Aspecified volume of space contains an electric field for which the magnitude is given by e=e0cos(ωt). suppose that e0 = 20 v/m and ω = 1.0 × 107 s−1. part a what is the maximum displacement current through a 0.80 m2 cross-sectional area of this volume? express your answer with the appropriate units. idisp,max i d i s p , m a x = nothing nothing request answer part b how would this area have to be oriented relative to the electric field to get this maximum displacement current?