Using the equation for Impact, can you explain the following: Why are car steering rods designed to collapse?
Why are highway guard rails designed to crumple up on impact?
Why are traffic saftey barrels filled with water or sand?

Explanation:

Equation for Impact

FΔt = ΔP,

F = force

Δt  = Impact of time

ΔP = Change in momentum

Car steering is engineered to fail in order to maximize the time of contact and hence reduce the initial impact and mitigate the damage incurred.

Road guard railing crumple on contact to maximize impact time and hence reduce impact intensity and mitigate damage.

Road safety containers are loaded with liquid or sand as they improve the period of impact.

the five characteristics of adolescence are biological growth and development, and undefined status, increased decision making, increased pressure and the search of self.

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.