Left probe time:

Right probe time:

Copper has free electrons per cubic meter. a 71.0-cm length of 12-gauge copper wire that is 2.05 mm in diameter carries 4.85 a of current. (a) how much time does it take for an electron to travel the length of the wire? (b) repeat part (a) for 6-gauge copper wire (diameter 4.12 mm) of the same length that carries the same current. (c) generally speaking, how does changing the diameter of a wire that carries a given amount of current affect the drift velocity of the electrons in the wire?

Ametal ring 4.20 cm in diameter is placed between the north and south poles of large magnets with the plane of its area perpendicular to the magnetic field. these magnets produce an initial uniform field of 1.12 t between them but are gradually pulled apart, causing this field to remain uniform but decrease steadily at 0.240 t/s . (a) what is the magnitude of the electric field induced in the ring? (b) in which direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) does the current flow as viewed by someone on the south pole of the magnet?

What is the freezing point of radiator fluid that is 50% antifreeze by mass? kf for water is 1.86 ∘c/m.