otential difference ΔVΔV exists between the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane of a cell. The inner surface is negative relative to the outer surface. If 2.70×10−20 J2.70×10−20 J of work is required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na+)(Na+) from the interior of the cell, what is the magnitude of the potential difference (in millivolts) between the inner and outer surfaces of the cell?

The value is

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

The workdone is

Generally charge on the positive sodium ion is equivalent to the charge on a proton, the value is

Generally the potential difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the cell is mathematically represented as

=>      

=>    

converting to millivolt

    =>  

answer: 802.3 kilo joules of energy represents 191.75 kilo calorie of energy.

explanation:

energy released during combustion of one mole methane = 802.3 kilo joules

if 1 kilo joule = 0.239006   kilo calorie

then ,802.3 kilo joule will be = 802.30.239006 kilo calorie

802.3 kilo joule = 191.75 kilo calorie

hence, the energy in kilo calorie is 191.75 kilo calorie.

the order for strong to weak forces such as

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force

the fundamental forces are those forces that act between to objects or element to make interactions. there are four types of fundamental forces such as strong and weak nuclear forces (due to protons and electrons), electromagnetic force (due to the motion of electrons) and gravitational force (due to orbital movement of the planet). if these forces are arranged on the basis of their maximum strength then the order is

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force