How did conflict between countries affect trade along the Silk Road?

The mass of the sun is 1.99×1030kg and its distance to the earth is 1.50×1011m. what is the gravitational force of the sun on the earth?

Four point charges each having charge q are located at the corners of a square having sides of length a. find symbolic expressions for the following. (a) the total electric potential at the center of the square due to the four charges (use any variable or symbol stated above along with the following as necessary: ke.) vtotal= (b) the work required to bring a fifth charge p from infinity to the center of the square (use any variable or symbol stated above along with the following as necessary: w=

Calculate the numbers of photons having a wavelength of 10.0 mm required to produce 1.0 kj of energycalculate the numbers of photons having a wavelength of 10.0 mm required to produce 1.0 kj of energy