Many biological systems are well-described by the laws of statistical physics. A simple yet often powerful approach is to think of a system as having only two states. For example, an ion channel may be open or closed. In this problem, consider a simple model of membrane channels for ions: The system is described by a Boltzmann distribution with only two states, with energies ε1 (open) and ε2 (closed). Assume the "open" state is the state of higher energy, so that ε1 > ε2.
If the probability of finding an ion channel open is popen and the probability of finding the ion channel closed is pclosed, which of the expressions below best represents the relative probability of open to closed, R = popen/pclosed? Use the notation z1 = e-ε1/kBT and z2 = e-ε2/kBT
a. z1-z2
b. z2-z1
c. z1/z2
d. z2/z1
e. Something else
Answers: 2
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Global warming will produce rising sea levels partly due to melting ice caps but also due to the expansion of water as average ocean temperatures rise. to get some idea of the size of this effect, calculate the change in length of a column of water 1.00 km high for a temperature increase of 1.00ºc. note that this calculation is only approximate because ocean warming is not uniform with depth. (answer in ×10^{-3} −3 m)
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Many biological systems are well-described by the laws of statistical physics. A simple yet often po...
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