One statement of the first law of thermodynamics is that:. a. the amount of work done on a system is dependent of pathway.
b. the total work done on a system must equal the heat absorbed by the system.
c. the heat flow in or out of a system is independent of pathway.
d. the total energy flow in or out of a system is equal to the sum of the heat transferred to or from the system and the work done by or on the system.
e. in any chemical process the heat flow must equal the change in enthalpy.

a. the amount of work done on a system is dependent of pathway

Explanation:

The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system.

ΔU = Q - W

Where;

Q, the net heat transfer into the system depends on the pathway

W, the net work done by the system also depends on the pathway

But, ΔU, the change in internal energy is independent of pathway

Therefore, the correct option is "A"

a. the amount of work done on a system is dependent of pathway

the gas collects in coils that then becomes a liquid that then flows through the coils inside the refrigerator

russian is not my first language, so i'm afraid i can't write out an answer in russian, but hopefully you can find a way to do so. here's my best translation of the problem: you're given a plot of a particle's position in one-dimensional space over time, and you're asked to find either the total distance traveled by the particle after 6 seconds had elapsed, or the total displacement of the particle after 6 seconds.

if you want the total distance traveled, you would first need to determine the particle's velocity as a function of time, then integrate that over the 6-second interval. we know the position function is quadratic with roots at 0 and 6, so we have

where is unknown. because the position is parabolic, there is symmetry about the midpoint at , and we know that

so that the position function is

which means the velocity is

then the total distance traveled is

so the total distance traveled is 20 m.

on the other hand, if you want to find displacement: the particle starts at and ends at , so its displacement is 0.