How does changing the mass of planets change the gravity?

1. in terms of fuel economy rank the following hybrid and electric vehicles, and justify application specific to each hybrid technology stop/start | mild hybrid | full hybrid | plug-in hybrid | full electric a. rank based on fuel economy b. justify your application specific for each technology

Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. the velocity is 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. how far is earth from the sun? i know how to get to d = (3 x 10^8 m/s)(498 sec). i just don't know how to get from there to the answer being 1.5 x 10^11 m.

Suppose you have three polarizing filters, with the second at an angle of 42∘ to the first and the third at an angle of 90∘ to the first. by what perfect will the original intensity of unpolarized light be reduced to after passing through all three filters?