12. Figure below shows the energy levels for a hydrogen atom. (a) Calculate the ionization energy for the atom.
(b) Calculate the frequency of the spectrum due to transition from n = 4 to n= 3.
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Place several e-field sensors at a few points on different equipotential lines, and look at the relationship between the electric field and the equipotential lines. which statement is true? 1-at any point, the electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential line at that point, and it is directed toward lines of higher voltages. 2-at any point, the electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential line at that point, and it is directed toward lines of lower voltages. 3-at any point, the electric field is parallel to the equipotential line at that point.