Explain what it means when photons “pass straight through"? HINT: what do dark lines mean?

Large electric fields in cell membranes cause ions to move through the cell wall. the field strength in a typical membrane is 1.0 x 10 7 n/c. what is the magnitude of the force on a calcium ion with charge +e? what is its acceleration? is it possible for a particle with the same charge as as calcium to have a different acceleration if placed at this location? what would change the acceleration: mass of the particle? diameter of the particle?

How much energy is supplied to each coulomb of charge that flows through a 12-v battery?

Describe cytokinesis in plants and animals. in animals: in plants.