What name is given to the shortest distance between a line of action of a force and the pivot?

Need asap ‼️ 20 pts which gravitational force field diagram is drawn correctly? (answers in pictures below)

Awoman holds a book by placing it between her hands such that she presses at right angles to the front and back covers. the book has a mass of m = 1.8 kg and the coefficient of static friction between her hand and the book is μs = 0.67. no attempt 50% part (a) what is the weight of the book, fgb in newtons?

Simon is writing a story about an astronaut whose spacecraft has been boarded by space pirates. the astronaut has her lucky penny in her hand behind her back as the space pirates break into the control room. she has just locked the controls so that the ship is accelerating in the direction of the control room’s ceiling. simon wants the astronaut to use the penny to hit a button on the control panel to turn off the lights and escape. the button is located a short distance behind and below the astronaut’s hands. how should simon use the theory of relativity to describe what the astronaut must do in order to hit the button?