How does “catastrophic change” relate to the extinction process?

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes three processes in series: process 12: compression with pv= constant from 1 bar and 1 liter to 4 bar. process 23: constant pressure expansion to 1 liter. process 31: constant volume calculate the pressure and volume at each state, and sketch the processes on a p-vdiagram labeled with pressure and volume values at each numbered stat

Aplane flies a distance d from west to east at a constant speed vp , with respect to the air in a time twe . on the return trip, the plane flies a distance d from east to west at a constant speed vp , with respect to the air in a time tew . on both trips the wind blows from west to east at a constant speed va , with respect to the ground 1) what is tew in terms of vp, va, and d, as needed? tew=dvp tew=dvp+va tew=dva tew=dvpâ’va tew=12dvp tew=12dvp+va tew=12dvpâ’va your submissions: b submitted: saturday, january 26 at 6: 49 pm feedback: feedback will be given once all questions have been attempted and the grade cluster button has been pressed. 2) what is twe in terms of vp, va, and d, as needed? twe=dvp twe=dvp+va twe=dva twe=dvpâ’va twe=12dvp twe=12dvp+va twe=12dvpâ’va your submissions: d submitted: saturday, january 26 at 6: 49 pm feedback: feedback will be given once all questions have been attempted and the grade cluster button has been pressed. 3) assuming d = 2300 miles, vp = 400 miles/hr, and twe = 4 hours, what is va, the speed of the wind with respect to the ground? va = 100 miles/hr va = 575 miles/hr va = 200 miles/hr va = 175 miles/hr va = 975 miles/hr 4) once again, assuming d = 2300 miles, vp = 400 miles/hr, and twe = 4 hours, what is tew, the time it takes the plane to fly a distance d miles from east to west? tew = 5.75 hours tew = 11.5 hours tew = 7.67 hours tew = 8 hours tew = 10.2 hours

Efficiency is the ratio of to for a system a)power in to power in b)power in to power out c) power out to power out d) power out to power in