Q1. All European Union countries are expected to generate 20% of their electricity using renewable energy sources by 2020.
The estimated cost of generating electricity in the year 2020 using different energy
sources is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Energy source
Estimated cost (in the year
2020) in pence per kWh
Nuclear
7.8
Solar
25.3
Tidal
18.8
Wind
10.0
France generated 542 billion kWh of electricity using nuclear power stations in 2011.
France used 478 billion kWh of electricity and sold the rest of the electricity to other
countries in 2011.
(a) France may continue generating large amounts of electricity using nuclear power
stations instead of using renewable energy resources.
ono hi

Irrigation channels that require regular flow monitoring are often equipped with electromagnetic flowmeters in which the magnetic field is produced by horizontal coils embedded in the bottom of the channel. a particular coil has 100 turns and a diameter of 6.0 m. when it's time for a measurement, a 4.5 a current is turned on. the large diameter of the coil means that the field in the water flowing directly above the center of the coil is approximately equal to the field in the center of the coil. the field is directed downward and the water is flowing east. the water is flowing above the center of the coil at 1.5 m/s . what is the magnitude of the field at the center of the coil? what is the direction of the force on a positive ion in the water above the center of the coil? what is the magnitude of the force on an ion with a charge +e?