What happens when the thermal energy of a substance increases?

Rubber on floor tile has a coefficient of kinetic friction of 1.0 and a coefficient of static friction of 2.0. how much force would a 3.5 lb. robot need to produce in order to start moving?

Ametal ball with a mass of 0.028 kg is dropped from rest at a height of 1.0 meters above the ground. assuming the energy in the ball is conserved, how much kinetic energy will the ball have when it is 0.5 meters above the ground?

An astronaut floating in space is trying to use her jetpack to get back to her space station, but she is being pulled away by a nearby planet, as shown in the image below. her jetpack provides a constant thrust of 310 n. if she angles her jetpack in such a way that it cancels out the vertical force due to the planet's gravity, what is her net horizontal force? thaud 487 o a. 54.8 n toward the space station o b. 212.9 n toward the space station o c. 185.2 n toward the space station o d 956 n toward the space station