How to period per loop

The PID features found in the control loops of today’s controllers have enabled us to achieve much greater accuracy in our commercial control systems at an attractive price compared to that available only a few years ago.

When setting up PID loop control, achieving proper operation can be difficult because of the complex setup parameters and the need to understand the sequence of implementing them.  Proper operating control may be defined as “the ability to control a variable at a given setpoint within an acceptable degree of accuracy.”  This is not an easy feat, because of the dynamics of a control system.  If not properly set up, abrupt changes in setpoint or system loading can cause system controls to oscillate or control with excessive error between setpoint and actual control point.

Explanation:

if they have a finite resultant

radiation

explanation:

heat is transmitted by radiation