In problem 12 on p. 663, you estimated the energy released in a bolt of lightning, based on the energy stored in the electric field
immediately before the lightning occurs. The assumption was that
the field would build up to a certain value, which is what is necessary
to ionize air. However, real-life measurements always seemed to
show electric fields strengths roughly 10 times smaller than those
required in that model. For a long time, it wasn’t clear whether the
field measurements were wrong, or the model was wrong. Research
carried out in 2003 seems to show that the model was wrong. It is
now believed that the final triggering of the bolt of lightning comes
from cosmic rays that enter the atmosphere and ionize some of the
air. If the field is 10 times smaller than the value assumed in problem
12, what effect does this have on the final result of problem 12?

answer: the correct answer id option(d).

explanation:

snell's law refraction:

the angle of refraction =

the angle of incidence =

refractive index of air = = 1

refractive index of glycerol = 1.47

from the given options, the most closest answer to 63.72° is 65° of option (d).

a solenoid is created by wrapping a l = 90 m long wire around a hollow tube of diameter d = 4.5 cm.   the wire diameter is d = 0.9 mm.   the solenoid wire is then connected to a power supply so that a current of i = 9 a flows through the wire.

randomized variablesl = 90 m

d = 4.5 cm

d = 0.9 mm

i = 9 a                                          

write an expression for the number of turns, n, in the solenoid. you do not need to take into account the diameter of the wire in this calculation.

calculate the number of turns, n, in the solenoid.

write an expression for the length of the solenoid (l2) in terms of the diameter of the hollow tube d.

calculate the length of the solenoid (l2)   in meters.

calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the solenoid in teslas.

explanation:

frequency or wavelenth of em radiation in a vacuum