What determines whether a surface produces a specular reflection or a diffuse reflection?

Imagine you are riding on a yacht in the ocean and traveling at 20 mph. you then hit a golf ball at 100 mph from the deck of the yacht. you see the ball move away from you at 100mph, while a person standing on a near by beach would observe your golf ball traveling at 120 mph (20 mph + 100 mph). now imagine you are aboard the hermes spacecraft traveling at 0.1c (1/10 the speed of light) past mars and shine a laser from the front of the ship. you would see the light traveling at c (the speed of light) away from your ship. according to einstein’s special relativity, how fast will a person on mars observe the light to be traveling? a) 0.1c (1/10 the speed of light) b) c (the speed of light) c)1.1c (c+0.1c)

A2k pendulum has a speed of 1 m/s at a height of 1/2 meter

The electric field between square plates of a parallel-plate capacitor has magnitude e. the potential across the plates is maintained with constant voltage by a battery as they are pulled apart to twice their original separation, which is small compared to the dimensions of the plates. the magnitude of the electric field between the plates is now equal to a)e b)e/4 c)e/2 d)4e e)2e