Kate gathered three boxes of the same size made of different materials: glass, clear plastic, and aluminum painted black. she placed them on a window sill i0n the sun for an hour and then measured the warmth of the air in each box. in this experiment, the types of box materials are a(n)

a. independent variable.

b. constant

c. control

d. dependent variable

Apoint charge +q is at the origin. a spherical gaussian surface centered at the origin encloses +q. so does a cubical surface centered at the origin and with edges parallel to the axes. select "true" or "false" for each statement below. the electric flux through the spherical surface is greater than that through the cubical surface. suppose (for this statement only), that q is moved from the origin but is still within both the surfaces. the flux through both surfaces remains unchanged. the area vector and the e-field vector point in the same direction for all points on the spherical surface. the e-field at all points on the spherical surface is equal due to spherical symmetry. the flux through the spherical gaussian surface is independent of its radius.