1. a big league hitter attacks a fastball! the ball has a mass of 0.16 kg. it is pitched at 38 m/s. after the player hits the ball, it is now traveling 44 m/s in the opposite direction. the impact lasted 0.002 seconds. how big of a force did the ballplayer put on that ball?

Momentum = (mass) x (velocity)

Original momentum before the hit =

                   (0.16 kg) x (38 m/s) this way <==

               =             6.08 kg-m/s  this way <==

Momentum after the hit =

                   (0.16) x (44 m/s) that way  ==>

               =           7.04 kg-m/s  that way ==>

Change in momentum = (6.08 + 7.04) =  13.12 kg-m/s  that way ==> .


Change in momentum = impulse.

                                   Impulse = (force) x (time the force lasted)

                          13.12 kg-m/s  = (force) x (0.002 sec)

  (13.12 kg-m/s) / (0.002 sec)  =  Force

             6,560 kg-m/s² = 6,560 Newtons  =  Force   

                            ( about 1,475 pounds  ! ! ! )