Aman standing on a bus remains still when the bus is at rest. when the bus moves forward and then slows down the man continues moving forward at the original speed this is an example of the affect of

"This is an example of the property of inertia. It is a body of mass' tendency to resist change in motion. The man was in motion at the speed of the bus. When the bus slows, the mass of the man resists change in motion and continues to move forward. It's basically the rebelliousness of matter."

hope this helps you out!

We can infer that star y is closer but other factors must be considered including the heat of the star, the mass, and the brightness of the star. even though star x seems dimmer it may just be less bright or contain less heat.