The coldest layer of earths atmosphere is the

Explain why the aperture of the spherical mirror should be small compared to the radius of curvature of the mirror.

Explain vector addition, triangle method and parallelogram method

Light that is polarized along the vertical direction is incident on a sheet of polarizing material. only 96% of the intensity of the light passes through the sheet and strikes a second sheet of polarizing material. no light passes through the second sheet. what angle does the transmission axis of the second sheet make with the vertical?