Explain how electron microscopes work and why some scientists might prefer to use electron microscopes instead of light microscopes.

Electron microscopes work in the same way as light microscopes, except they use electrons instead of light to look at the object. Electrons have more mass than light (photons), and so have a smaller wavelength. This means that it has a higher resolution than light microscopes. This means that it can be used to take images of objects much smaller than light microscopes can. Light microscopes have a maximum magnification of around 1,000. Electron microscopes have a maximum magnification of several hundred thousand.

Electron microscopy (EM) has become an extremely popular method for the ultrastructural study of macromolecules, cells and tissues. An aqueous biological sample is frozen rapidly and irradiated with a beam of electrons. A detector senses how the electrons are scattered and a computer reconstructs the 3D-shape of the molecule.

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