Which term refers to sections of earth’s crust and part of the upper mantle?

The earths atmosphere is made up of nitrogen and oxygensolids turning into gases is called sublimation.

The chemical reactions lab we did is typically called a "copper plating lab,  because the acid solution cleaned the pennies and made the copper look shinier;   the acid solution cleaned the paperclips and made them look like pennies;   &   the copper from the pennies was removed, and then added to the paperclips.