Which element on the periodic table has fewer than 8 electrons but still has a full valence shell?

a. hydrogen
b. helium
c. neon
d. argon

An initially unpolarized light if intensity 500 w/m^2 passes through four polarizers. the transmission axis between adjacent polarizers is 45∘. what percentage of the initial intensity is transmitted by the system?

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What’s #16 asking me and how do i solve it?