List the types of shadows as well as the types of eclipses that will be seen by an observer on the unlit side of Earth in each scenario.

The Moon's umbra causes total solar eclipses, and the Earth's umbra is involved in total and partial lunar eclipses. The umbra is the darkest type of shadow. Like any other opaque objects illuminated by a light source, the Moon and the Earth cast shadows into space as they block the sunlight that hits them.

Explanation:

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1.A solar eclipse .

It is one that occurs when the moon gets between the Earth and the Sun and it casts its shadow over the Earth. A solar eclipse only happens during the phase of new moon when the moon is indirect blockage of sun rays from reaching the earth thus causing a full shadow of the moon to fall on the Earth’s surface.

2 A lunar eclipse can only occur when there is a full moon. An eclipse of the moon happens only at full moon and only when the moon passes through some portion of the Earth’s shadow. The shadow in made of a two cone-shaped components, one which is nested inside the other.

3.  Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon's surface. There are three categories of lunar eclipse according to the blockage of the sun rays. In a penumbral lunar eclipse, the moon passes through Earth’s penumbral shadow. The partial lunar eclipse occurs when a portion of the moon passes through Earth’s umbral shadow. The total lunar eclipse happens when the entire moon passes through Earth’s umbral shadow.

4.When an object in space comes between the sun and earth. It is one that occurs when the moon gets between the Earth and the Sun and it casts its shadow over the Earth. A solar eclipse only happens during the phase of new moon when the moon is indirect blockage of sun rays from reaching the earth thus causing a full shadow of the moon to fall on the Earth’s surface.

5.A total lunar eclipse. In this type of lunar eclipse, the events are clearly visible and striking to view because the Moon surface appear red in color. During the occurrence of the lunar eclipse events, 35% of the entire eclipse is total eclipse.

6. Wide, dark areas and strange spots and ridges –Galileo described the surface of the moon as being uneven and rough. In addition to that, he described the surface as crowded with depressions and bulges. In his original sketches, the long shadows cast by craters were represented by dark sided of the moon sketch.

7. Waxing gibbous .During the cycle of the moon, it undergoes several phases; new moon-new crescent-first quarter-waxing gibbous-full moon-waning gibbous-last quarter-old crescent-new moon. The new moon phase cannot be seen because the part receiving sun rays in then pointed away from the earth. The rest of the phases are visible from the earth.

8. New moon .

During the cycle of the moon, it undergoes several phases; new moon-new crescent-first quarter-waxing gibbous-full moon-waning gibbous-last quarter-old crescent-new moon. The new moon phase cannot be seen because the part receiving sun rays in then pointed away from the earth. The rest of the phases are visible from the earth.

9. Because the Southern Hemisphere has more direct sunlight .During the winter months, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, thus it receive sunrays at an angle thus it experiences the cold weather. At this period, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

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