A) For the given network diagram, suppose an application running on Host 1 transmits a packet towards application running on Host 2. Graphically represent the process of packet encapsulation and de-capsulation along the path from Host 1 to Host 2. b) Both Layer-2 Switch and Router are used to forward network traffic from one interface to another. How are they different in terms of functionality?

Cells in the nervous system have a potential difference of 70 mv across the cell membrane separating the interior of the cell from the extracellular fluid. this potential difference is maintained by ion pumps that move charged ions across the membrane. is this an emf? select the correct answer and explanation. 1)no. the ion pumps cannot separate charges; thus, they cannot create a potential difference. 2)yes. the ion pumps cannot separate charges, but they still can create a potential difference. 3)yes. the ion pumps can actively separate charge; thus, they can create a potential difference. 4)no. the ion pumps can separate charges, but they cannot create a potential difference.

The illuminance of a surface varies inversely with the square of its distance from the light source. if the illuminance of a surface is 120 lumens per square meter when its distance from a certain light source is 6 meters, by how many meters should the distance of the surface from the source be increased to reduce its illuminance to 30 lumens per square meter?

Why do metals "give up" their valence electrons?