Developing a Strategy Now that you have an obstacle in mind, take another few minutes and think about which success strategy might best help you overcome this obstacle. Write this strategy in the box below:

Your target variable is δf, the magnitude of the difference in frequency between the waves emitted from the sonar device and the waves received by the device after reflecting off the whale. write an expression for δf in terms of the relevant frequencies using the subscript notation introduced above.

What are similarities and differences between refraction, reflection, diffraction and absorption?

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.