What is the difference between atoms and ions​

What happens to the light rays when they hit the specimen?

Astudent is working in the lab to determine how time affect impulse the student keeps the force the same in each row but changes impact the time some data is shown witch trial has the greatest a student is working in the lab to determine how time affect impulse the student keeps the fours the same in each row but change is the impact time some data shown witch trial has the greatest impulse

Anybody wanna ? (picture included? )