Calculate the critical angle for Zircon which has a refractive index of n = 2*

Calculate the minimum energy required to remove one proton from the nucleus 126c. this is called the proton-removal energy. (hint: find the difference between the mass of a 126c nucleus and the mass of a proton plus the mass of the nucleus formed when a proton is removed from 126c.) express your answer with the appropriate units. emin e m i n = nothing nothing request answer part b how does the proton-removal energy for 126c compare to the binding energy per nucleon for 126c, calculated using eb=(zmh+nmn−azm)c2?