Some scientists hypothesize that icy debris arrived on other terrestrial planets in a similar manner to how it arrived on Earth. On Earth, the ice eventually turned to water and water vapor, forming extensive oceans and a life-sustaining atmosphere. But the same is not exactly true for the other terrestrial planets. What are two reasons why? Temperatures on Earth are ideal for water to exist in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms.
Magnetic forces generated in Earth’s mantle are directly responsible for Earth’s oceans.
Earth’s gravity holds the water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere close to its surface.
Earth’s solid outer core is sufficiently rigid to keep water above its surface.

Arunner is jogging at a steady 3.6 km/hr. when the runner is 2.9 km from the finish line, a bird begins flying from the runner to the finish line at 14.4 km/hr (4 times as fast as the runner). when the bird reaches the finish line, it turns around and flies back to the runner. even though the bird is a dodo, we will assume that it occupies only one point in space, i.e., a zero-length bird. how far does the bird travel? (b) after this first encounter, the bird then turns around and flies from the runner back to the finish line, turns around again and flies back to the runner. the bird repeats the back and forth trips until the runner reaches the finish line. how far does the bird travel from the beginning? (i.e. include the distance traveled to the first encounter)