Show that a semiconductor has a minimum conductivity at a given temperature where µ h µe n e = n i and n h = n i . µe

µh

Find the intrinsic and minimum conductivities for germanium at a temperature such that n i = 2.5 ×10 19 m − 3 , µ e = 0.38 m 2 / V .s, µ h = 0.19 m 2 / V .s . For what other values of n e and nh other than n e = n h = n i does this crystal have a conductivity equal to the intrinsic conductivity?

The magnitude of the amount of energy released by burning a fuel source, measured in energy per unit mass, is called its fuel value. note that the fuel value is the negative of the isobaric specific heat of combustion for the fuel. if all the energy obtained from burning 1.23 pounds of butane with a fuel value of 10.85 kcal/g is used to heat 128.0 kg of water at an initial temperature of 18.3 °c, what is the final temperature? note that 1 lb = 453.6 g.