An observer uses the B and V filters to obtain four exposures of the same field at different air masses: two B exposures at air masses 1.05 and 2.13, and two V exposures at air masses 1.10 and 2.48. Four stars in this field are photometric standards. Their standard magnitudes given in the table below, as are the instru are mental magnitudes in each frame. |(B- V b(2) v1) b(1) v(2) V Air mass 2.48 1.05 2.13 1.10 Star A 12.01 10.687 8.778 -0.07 9.853 9.427 Star B 0.36 9.739 12.44 10.693 11.479 9.160 0.69 8.873 Star C 11.462 12.19 10.759 9.425 Star D 1.15 12.89 11.898 12.547 9.522 10.002 (a) Compute the extinction coefficients for the instrumental system: k,, k", k^, and kf". Hint: at each air mass, Equation (10.10) holds. Write an equation for the differ- at the two air masses (e. g. ence between the magnitudes equation for b(2) - an b(1)). Examination of this equation will suggest a method for computing the coefficients. You may find it helpful to enter the data from the table into a spreadsheet in performing the computations
(b) Compute the instrumental magnitudes of each star at zero air mass

layers of the earth affect the waves and these effects are seen on instruiments such as seimometers

can be answered using momentum.

momentum = p

p1= mass1 * velocity1

p1 = p2

therefore

p1 = 6kg * 4m/s

p1 = 24kgm/s

p2=m2 * v2

24 kgm/s = 7kg * v2

v2 = 24 kgm/s / 7kg

v2= 3.42 m/s

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia

answer

procedural programming, object-oriented programming

explanation

procedural programming is a type of computer programming language that specifies a series of well structured steps and procedures   within its development period of time. it contains a systematic order of statements, functions and commands to complete a computational task or program. it is centered on creating procedures. while object oriented programming is a programming language that is centered on creating objects rather that actions and data rather than logic.. it has four principles which are inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation