When placed in water does a pencil bend towards the normal or away from the normal?

ni sin theta i = nr sin theta r       where theta i is the angle of   incidence     and theta  r the angle of refraction

For nr greater than ni   (air to water) theta r must be smaller and the image would be bent towards the normal

firearm identification is the process of analyzing the bullets and cartridge cases left at a crime scene to determine if they came from a particular firearm. marks on the bullets and cartridges may be common to every firearm of that type. these are called class characteristics.