How can u determine whether substances are different or the same and be able to describe how new substances are created?

Ten students stand in a circle and are told to make a transverse wave. what best describes the motion of the students? each student bumps the shoulder of his or her neighbor. at the exact time, all students take a step to the right. the students skip clockwise, going in a circular motion. one at a time, each student lifts his or her hands up and then down.

Suppose you were asked to find the torque about point p due to the normal force n in terms of given quantities. which method of finding the torque would be the easiest to use?

If gases like carbon dioxide and methane make up less than 1% of the total atmosphere, why is it important for scientists to monitor changes in percentages of these gases?