1-Atoms with few valence electrons tend to lose them and then the next
energy will be the outer level and it is
full. This is more stable for the atom.
Remember that atoms are neutral,
which means that they have the
same number of positive protons and
negative electrons. If an electron is
lost, the atom will no longer be
neutral. What will happen to the
valence electron of Na and what will
it form? What will the resulting
charge be?

An atom that loses one or more valence electrons to become a positively charged ion is known as a cation, while an atom that gains electrons and becomes negatively charged is known as an anion.

Explanation:

Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus.

ice to water 1 water to vapour 2 latent heat