When a car brakes, work is done to stop the car. how does the braking force affect the braking distance?

The more force you use for the brake, the less braking distance there is

If there are icy roads can make the car take longer to brake, as if it was on a dry road there would be more traction so it would stop quicker. Weight distribution and bald/treaded tires would also come into play. Adding weight to a vehicle increases stopping time. Poor brake condition leads to longer stops. Hope this helped :)