From inside to out, describe the components of an atom. what makes one element's atoms differ from another element's atoms?

From the outside is it’s shell, and on the inside is the nucleus (on the middle) which is made or protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral charge which is negate and positive) and Lastly there are electrons (negative charge) that orbit the nucleus like planets orbiting the Sun. The shell gets made as the electrons orbit the nucleus.
How do atoms differ from eachother?- their atoms might have different elections, neutrons, and/ or protons inside of it. Plus the location of the elections might be different too.