What does the term atomic number mean?
a. the average number of atoms that have the same number of protons
b. the number of neutrons within an element
c. the average number of protons and neutrons within atoms of a specific element
d. the number of protons in an atomic nucleus

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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