Tungsten, w-181, is a radioactive isotope with a half life of 121 days. if a medical lab purchases 24 kg of w-181, how much will be left after 1 year?

1 year = (365 / 121) = 3.02 half-lifes.  Let's call it 3 .

The amount of radioactive isotope remaining after 3 half-lifes is

(1/2) x (1/2) x (1/2) = 1/8 

A year after the medical lab received the 24 kg of W-181, 
there will still be 24 kg of stuff in the container. 
But only 3 kg of it will still be W-181.  The other 21 kg will be
whatever substances W-181 becomes when it decays.

Sadly, even the 3 kg of good stuff won't be usable anymore ...
it'll be thoroughly mixed with the 21 kg of junk.  It would be harder
and more expensive to try and separate them than to buy a new
can of pure W-181, and USE it before 7/8 of it has deteriorated.

An atom that has fewer electrons that protons is called a positive ion.