What is the universes estimated age

The authors use the word “backbone” in lines 3 and 39 to indicate that

Name and describe how to implement one method of embellishment.

Which scenario describes intraspecific, indirect competition? a. a peacock defends its territory against another peacock. b. lions and hyenas compete for the same prey animals. c. a male black bear eats fish in an area of a lake, so other black bears can’t. d. different species of birds fight over spilled popcorn on the ground.