According to mcgregor, theory x managers motivate employees by giving them a great deal of freedom and responsibility. a. true b. false

Iwould say your answer is: b. falsehope that : )

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.