In an experiment, the presence of a(n) is manipulated by the researchers so that its effects may be determined.

Independent variable

An independent variable  is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure. - An independent variable  is normally changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable

facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.

barack obama he actually listens