Which of the following best describes a major effect of "trail of tears on the cherokee nation"?

It caused the Cherokee Indians to separate into different groups and caused a civil war 

There were many deaths within the Cherokee Nation; starvation, disease, and exposure to the elements.

The Cherokee Indians were able to gain new trade routes which is now the state of Oklahoma.

With in the increase in size of the Cherokee Indian territory, it allowed them to reduce the overpopulated areas.