Marcia is teaching denise how to clean a kitchen. she taught her how to rinse dishes and put them in the dishwasher, how to wipe counters, and how to sweep. the process marcia used to teach how to clean a kitchen is called:

The answer is shaping. Shaping is normally used to train animals, such as dogs, to perform difficult tasks; it is also a useful learning tool for modifying behavior of human. It is a method of training by which successive estimates toward a target behavior are protected—to test his theories of behavioral psychology.

the answer to your question is,

d. when a child was born.

-mabel < 3