In reinforcement, only some instances of behavior are reinforced.

In intermittent  or partial reinforcement.

Explanation:

Such as the name says, this type of reinforcement is applied part-time. In this case, the subjects are less likely to succumb to extinction because they do not know when the stimulus will follow the behavior.

It can either be after a specific or variable number of times the behavior has presented itself or after a specific or variable amount of time has passed.

Partial reinforcement is divided into 4 types:

answer is b.shrapnel

sumerians were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many different gods. so, the best answer is c.