How did president abraham lincoln’s assassination affect reconstruction

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"Andrew Johnson’s first task after taking over as President was to reconcile his divided country. In origin a poor white Southerner, Johnson’s feelings towards blacks were at best mixed. He was certainly more concerned with the maintenance of the constitution than the abolition of slavery. When in 1866 laws were passed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, Johnson vetoed them as unconstitutional. His own plans for reconstruction were frustrated by his Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton and others within his cabinet.

Even when Johnson eventually freed the slaves it was a botched job. The decision as to how to cope with emancipation was left in the hands of white Southerners and the result was a series of repressive ‘Black Codes’ that made mockery of the rights of the former slaves. A century and a half later, many African Americans still feel themselves second class citizens in a white society and many in the South remain resentful of the North. It is ironic that the last dying kick of the Confederacy should have resulted in such a repressive post-bellum regime as would hold back the advancement of the South for decades.

It could all have been very different. At his second inaugural speech only six weeks before his death President Lincoln had urged,

With malice toward none, with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in: to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations.

And what he proclaimed publicly he affirmed privately. At a cabinet meeting on the morning of his assassination Lincoln said of his former enemies,

I hope there will be no persecution, no bloody work after the war is over. No one need expect me to take part in hanging or killing those men, even the worst of them. Frighten them out of the country, open the gates, let down the bars, scare them off, enough lives have been sacrificed. We must extinguish our resentment if we expect harmony and union.

It was not to be."

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