"chaining is a goal-driven approach in which you start from an expectation of what is going to happen (i. e., hypothesis) and then seek evidence that supports (or contradicts) your expectation."

The answer is "Backward chaining".

Backward chaining is a deduction technique generally utilized as a part of man-made reasoning, computerized hypothesis provers and evidence associates. Backward chaining approach can be portrayed as working again from an objective. It's a standout amongst the most ordinarily utilized strategies for prevailing upon impedance rules and intelligent implication. Backward chaining works in reverse from a rundown of objectives to decide if there is any information to help them.

the telephone is the answer