In which case did the u. s. supreme court raise the burden of proof for acts of juvenile delinquency from "preponderance of the evidence" to "beyond a reasonable doubt"?

What british document established the right of free speech that was reinforced by this excerpt

Before tuberculosis was understood to be a communicable disease, and before the discovery of antibiotics to treat it, a major outbreak could kill or cripple a significant portion of a nation’s labor force. how would such an event affect the economy? illustrate the effect by dragging to shift either the aggregate demand curve or the long-run aggregate supply curve.

Because of the housing bubble, many houses are now selling for much less than their selling price just two to three years ago. there is evidence that homeowners with virtually identical houses tend to ask for more if they paid more for the house. what fallacy are they making?