"the general hierarchy to be followed when determining security protocols is: "

I believe the answer is: Legislation/regulations, standards, guidelines

Because of the hierarchy, the punishment for each strata of violation is also different. Volating legislation in security protocol can resulted in jailtime, violating standard tend to be resulted in fine since it tend to only related to ethic, while violating guidelines tend to be resulted in inefficiency.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.