Dr. segal is studying the effects of television watching on the language development of children under the age of 2 years. because of room scheduling issues, the children in the experimental group underwent testing in the morning and the children in the control group underwent testing in the afternoon. this is an example of

I believe the answer is: situational confounding factor

situational confounding factor refers to a variable that influence both dependent and independent variable, which might create a confusion within the research. From the example above, due to the difference in time, the 'effect' among children could be influenced by the time when they are made to watch the tv rather than the act of wathing itself.

answer; when one group has an extremely high score at pretest;

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

in addition, being covered by the media is important to validate the message and make it relevant in the social agenda, as well as to reach more people who can share interests, appealing to public sympathy for their cause.

in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.